2. Background and Motivation

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This section explains the regulatory, international, semantic, and architectural conditions that motivate the Federated Data Interpretation Systems Reference Architecture (FDIS-RA). It describes the broader context in which regulated reporting systems operate, the role of the Financial Data Transparency Act (FDTA), the contribution and limits of the Standard Business Report Model (SBRM), the capabilities already present in reporting systems, and the architectural gaps that remain.

The discussion distinguishes problems of data format and exchange from problems of interpretation, governance, provenance, version context, and comparability. It establishes why syntactic standardisation alone does not ensure shared meaning across systems, agencies, jurisdictions, or reporting periods.

The section also explains why a Reference Architecture is needed even where mature reporting formats, taxonomies, extraction tools, validation mechanisms, and analytical systems already exist. The central problem is not the absence of individual capabilities. It is the absence of a coherent architectural framework that coordinates those capabilities, preserves interpretive authority, and supports controlled evolution over time.

Where this section discusses the FDTA, the 25 June 2026 Financial Data Transparency Act Joint Data Standards final joint rule provides the controlling current implementation context. The joint rule establishes coordinated data standards but does not itself apply those standards to individual collections of information or prescribe a reporting-system architecture. Agency-specific rulemaking or other agency action determines how the standards apply within each jurisdictional and regulatory context.

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