5. Islands of Automation

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• Organizations automate their own forms, workflows, rules, and decisions
• Systems use locally selected Data Models, Vocabularies, platforms, and technologies
• Governance reflects the requirements and Authority of each Domain
• Individual implementations become optimized for their immediate mission

• Equivalent information uses different Structures and Vocabularies
• Identical terms may represent different concepts
• Different terms may represent the same concept
• Interpretation rules remain embedded in implementation-specific software
• Interfaces and mappings require repeated bilateral negotiation
• Human intervention remains necessary at organizational and System boundaries

• Integration costs increase as the number of participating Systems grows
• Changes in one System can invalidate established mappings
• Provenance and Interpretive Authority become difficult to trace
• Results may change without a visible change to the exchanged Data
• Each new federation risks becoming another custom implementation

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